Abstract: The growing interest in providing adequate Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) conditions for those public buildings in which they were not originally planned frequently leads to the need to install HVAC units of significant dimensions and weights in these buildings. Particularly in buildings located in urban centers, the unavailability of space to place those units has led to their installation in buildings' roofs. From the case study of a remarkable brick masonry building located in the historical city center of Madrid, this article analyzes the structural aspects involved in the implementation of large-size HVAC units on the roof of existing masonry buildings, as well as the structural refurbishment typologies necessary for this purpose. Thus, the study carried out focused, on the one hand, on the analysis of the HVAC new loads' impact on the previous masonry safety conditions, and the possible need to adopt strengthening actions to ensure an adequate future structural behavior, and, on the other hand, it focuses on the analysis of the aspects conditioning the design of the auxiliary support and fixing structure of those HVAC units.

Resumen: El interés creciente por dotar de unas adecuadas condiciones de climatización a los edificios de uso público que no disponían en origen de éstas conlleva, en muchos casos, a la necesidad de implantar instalaciones de climatización de dimensiones y pesos significativos. Máxime en el caso de edificios situados en núcleos urbanos, la ausencia de superficie disponible para implantar dichas instalaciones ha motivado que se dispongan en sus cubiertas. A partir del caso de estudio de un edificio notable de fábrica de ladrillo del casco histórico de Madrid, se analizan los condicionantes estructurales que supone la implantación de importantes aparatos de climatización en la cubierta de edificios existentes de muros de carga, así como las tipologías de actuación de acondicionamiento estructural necesarias al efecto. Asimismo, el estudio realizado se centró, por una parte, en el análisis de la repercusión de la disposición de nuevas cargas sobre las condiciones de seguridad previas de la estructura y la necesidad de adoptar en ésta medidas de refuerzo que permitan asegurar unas adecuadas condiciones de seguridad futuras y, por otro lado, en el análisis de los condicionantes a tener en cuenta en el diseño de la estructura auxiliar de apoyo y sujeción de dichas instalaciones.

Resumo O gênero Chamaecrista possui distribuição pantropical e está bem representado na flora brasileira, principalmente em campos rupestres e matas ciliares. No Brasil são encontradas 256 espécies, sendo que 149 delas aparecem somente em Minas Gerais, o que corresponde mais da metade da diversidade do gênero no país. A área selecionada para o estudo, o Parque Estadual do Rio Preto (PERP), pertence à Cadeia do Espinhaço. A vegetação é composta principalmente por fitofisionomias de Cerrado e Campo rupestre existindo também áreas de matas ciliares e de galerias. O estudo em questão teve como objetivo realizar o levantamento florístico e um estudo taxonômico de Chamaecrista no PERP, abrangendo chave de identificação das espécies e descrições taxonômicas das mesmas. As coletas foram realizadas dentro de um período de dois anos, por meio de caminhadas assistemáticas. O material coletado foi identificado e depositado na coleção do Herbário OUPR. Foram coletados e descritos 19 táxons que compreendem às seções Absus, Chamaecrista e Xerocalyx.

Abstract The genus Chamaecrista has a pantropical distribution and it is well represented in the Brazilian flora, mainly in “campos rupestres” and Riparian forests. In Brazil, 256 species are found, of which 149 are found only in Minas Gerais, corresponding more than a half of genus diversity in the country. The area selected for the study, Parque Estadual do Rio Preto (PERP), belongs to Espinhaço Range. The vegetation is composed mainly of physiognomies of cerrado and “campos rupestres”, also existing areas of gallery forests and galleries. The objective of this study was to carry out the floristic and taxonomic survey of Chamaecrista at PERP, to elaborate key of identification of the species and taxonomic descriptions of the same ones. The collections were carried out within a period of two years, through unsystematic walks. The collected material was identified and deposited in the OUPR and BOTU Herbaria. 19 taxa were collected and described that comprises the Absus, Chamaecrista and Xerocalyx sections.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o valor nutricional e energético da torta de mamona destoxificada por diferentes métodos para suínos em crescimento. Foram utilizados 24 suínos machos, castrados, distribuídos em seis tratamentos, sendo uma ração referência e cinco rações testes (75% da dieta referência e 25% das tortas de mamona) contendo a torta de mamona destoxificada pelos métodos do hidróxido de cálcio, da autoclavagem, do hidróxido de cálcio+ensilagem, da autoclavagem+ensilagem e da extrusão. As tortas de mamona submetidas aos processos de destoxificação com hidróxido de cálcio e autoclavagem resultaram em maior teor de proteína digestível. Para o valor de energia metabolizável, os processos de destoxificação com hidróxido de cálcio, autoclavagem, hidróxido de cálcio+ensilagem e extrusão não diferiram entre si. Considerando-se a valoração nutricional e energética da torta de mamona por meio dos processos de destoxificação, os métodos com uso de hidróxido de cálcio e autoclavagem são os mais eficientes.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and energy value of castor bean cake detoxified by different methods for growing pigs. A total of 24 barrows was distributed in six treatments, being in a reference diet and 5 test diets (75% of the reference diet and 25% of castor beam cake) containing castor bean cake detoxified by the method of calcium hydroxide, autoclaving, calcium hydroxide + silage, autoclaving + silage and extrusion. Castor bean cake subjected to detoxification processes with calcium hydroxide and autoclaving resulted in higher content of digestible protein. For the metabolizable energy value, the process of detoxification with calcium hydroxide, autoclaving, calcium hydroxide+silage, and extrusion did not differ. Considering the nutritional and energy valuation of castor bean cake detoxified by different procedures, the methods using calcium hydroxide and autoclaving were the most efficient.

Resumo Em resposta à crescente demanda do mercado mundial, a carcinicultura intensiva tem se desenvolvido ao longo da última década. Os compostos nitrogenados gerados principalmente pela excreção dos animais podem causar a deterioração da qualidade da água e produzir toxicidade crônica ou mesmo aguda para os animais cultivados. Como prevenção, os níveis de segurança teóricos são estimados a partir de testes de toxicidade aguda e são tradicionalmente usados para evitar efeitos tóxicos sobre a biota. No entanto, as estimativas das concentrações dos compostos nitrogenados são realmente seguras para Farfantepenaeus paulensis? O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos letais e subletais da amônia, nitrito e nitrato em juvenis de camarão marinho F. paulensis com base em níveis de segurança. Cada experimento foi realizado de forma independente em tanques com capacidade de 100 L durante 30 dias. As taxas de sobrevivência e peso úmido de todos os camarões foram registrados a cada 10 dias. As concentrações testadas para amônia, nitrito e nitrato foram respectivamente: “T1/4”, um quarto do nível de segurança (0,91 mg/L N-AT, 2,55 mg/L de N-NO2- e 80,7 mg/L N-NO3-); “TSL”, nível de segurança (3,65 mg/L N-AT, 10,2 mg/L de N-NO2- e 323 mg/L N-NO3-); e “T2X”, duas vezes o nível de segurança (7,30 mg/L N-AT, 20,4 mg/L de N-NO2- e 646 mg/L de N-NO3-). Para a criação de F. paulensis, o nível de segurança real para nitrito foi estimado em 2,55 mg/L N-NO2-. Para amônia e nitrato, concentrações recomendadas foram: <0,91 mg/L N-AT correspondente a 0,045 mg/L N-NH3 e <80,7 mg/L N-NO3-, respectivamente.

Abstract In response to growing worldwide market demand, intensive shrimp farming, based on high feed, has developed over the past decade. The nitrogenous compounds mainly generated by animal excretion can cause deterioration of water quality and produce chronic or even acute toxicity to aquatic animals. As prevention, theoretical safety levels have been estimated from acute toxicity tests and they are traditionally used to prevent toxic effects on biota. However, are those concentrations of nitrogenous compounds really safe to Farfantepenaeus paulensis? The current study aimed to investigate the lethal and sublethal effects of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate to juvenile F. paulensis based on safety levels. Each experiment was performed independently in 100 L tanks for 30 days. The survival rates and wet weight of all shrimps were recorded every 10 days. The concentrations tested for ammonia, nitrite and nitrate were respectively: treatment “T1/4”, a quarter of the safety level (0.91 mg/L TA-N, 2.55 mg/L NO2--N and 80.7 mg/L NO3--N); treatment “TSL”, the safety level (3.65 mg/L TA-N, 10.2 mg/L NO2--N and 323 mg/L NO3--N); and treatment “T2X”, twice the safety level (7.30 mg/L TA-N, 20.4 mg/L NO2--N and 646 mg/L NO3--N). For F. paulensis cultivation, the real safety level for nitrite was estimated to be 2.55 mg/L NO2--N. For ammonia and nitrate, the recommended concentrations were <0.91 mg/L TA-N corresponding to 0.045 mg/L NH3-N and <80.7 mg/L NO3--N, respectively.

In this work, the biosorption of Cr3+ and Ni2+ by Sargassum filipendula pre-treated with CaCl2 was studied. Kinetic and equilibrium experiments were carried out for mono- and multi-component solutions in a batch reactor at pH 3.0 and 30 ºC. The results from the kinetic experiments showed that Cr3+ adsorbs slower than Ni2+. This behavior was explained by means of a mechanistic analysis, which showed that Cr3+ uptake presented three adsorption stages, whereas Ni2+ adsorption presents only two. The mono-component equilibrium data, along with binary kinetic data obtained from mono-component experiments, showed that, although the kinetics for Cr3+ removal are slower, the biomass had a stronger affinity for this ion. Almost all Ni2+ is desorbed from the biomass as Cr3+ adsorbs. The binary equilibrium data also presented this behavior. The binary data was also modeled by using modified forms of the Langmuir, Jain and Snoeyink, and Langmuir-Freundlich isotherms. However, the prediction obtained presented low accuracy. An alternative modeling with artificial neural networks was presented and the results showed that this technique could be a promising tool to represent binary equilibrium data. The main contribution of this work was to obtain experimental data for Cr3+/Ni2+ adsorption, which is a system rarely found in the literature and that provides information that could be used in process modeling and simulation.